Sunday, 14 February 2016

***Jerry's Protest (probability)

Jerry's Protest

Andrew and Jerry are playing a game with Harry as the scorekeeper. The game consists of three rounds. In each round, Andrew and Jerry draw randomly without replacement from a jar containing n balls, each labeled with a distinct positive integer. Without looking, they hand their balls to Harry, who awards the point to the player with the larger number and returns the balls to the jar. The winner of the game is the one who wins at least two of the three rounds.
Andrew wins rounds 1 and 2 while Jerry wins round 3, so Andrew wins the game. However, Jerry is unhappy with this system, claiming that he will often lose the match despite having the higher overall total. What is the probability that the sum of the three balls Jerry drew is strictly higher than the sum of the three balls Andrew drew?
Input
The first line of input contains a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 2000) — the number of balls in the jar.
The second line contains n integers ai (1 ≤ ai ≤ 5000) — the number written on the ith ball. It is guaranteed that no two balls have the same number.
Output
Print a single real value — the probability that Jerry has a higher total, given that Andrew wins the first two rounds and Jerry wins the third. Your answer will be considered correct if its absolute or relative error does not exceed 10 - 6.
Namely: let's assume that your answer is a, and the answer of the jury is b. The checker program will consider your answer correct, if .
Examples
input
2
1 2
output
0.0000000000
input
3
1 2 10
output
0.0740740741
Note
In the first case, there are only two balls. In the first two rounds, Andrew must have drawn the 2 and Jerry must have drawn the 1, and vice versa in the final round. Thus, Andrew's sum is 5 and Jerry's sum is 4, so Jerry never has a higher total.
In the second case, each game could've had three outcomes — 10 - 210 - 1, or 2 - 1. Jerry has a higher total if and only if Andrew won2 - 1 in both of the first two rounds, and Jerry drew the 10 in the last round. This has probability .

---------------------------------EDITORIAL-------------------------------
this  problem   is some what related to the problem not a triangle  in which  we have given a set of edge and we need to find maximu number of triangle we can form ,....

now coming to this problem , in each turn both player can pic two  different balls, so there are bascically nc2 ways to pic the balls ,
suppuose in turn 1 player 1 lead by value x1 and in turn 2 player 1 lead by value x2 than in next turn  player 2 have to gain by a value >x1+x2, 
in the last turn game if playe 1 pic c1 and player pic c2 than 
c2-c1> x1+x2, 

if initilly compute all possible pairs difference than now we just need to find all possible  triplets a,b,c such tha sum of 2 must be < than the sum of the third ,

but number of triplets  will be n*n ie 10^6, now it is impossible  to  fixx all possible pair a , b and find c such that 
a+b<c,
but main observation in the problem is that  values on each ball could  be maximum 5000, means there can be maximum 5000 difference , and we can easily iterate through all there to make pair a ,b  and find c such that a+b<c, special care should be need for the while  fixing a and b  because , supopose i am fixing a  as 5 than there can be many 5 so count of number of times of occurance must multiplied.......

---------------------------------code-----------------------------------------
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long int lli ;
lli  has[1000000];
int arr[1000000];
int main()
 {
  int t;
    int n;
     cin>>n;
     for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
      {
      cin>>arr[i];
 }
 set<int> s;
  map<int,int> ma;
 for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
  {
  for(int j=i+1;j<n;j++)
    {
     s.insert(abs(arr[i]-arr[j]));
      has[abs(arr[i]-arr[j])]++;// will be use for creating a forward array
    ma[abs(arr[i]-arr[j])]++;
    }
  }
  
  for(int i=1;i<=10010;i++)
   {
    has[i]=has[i-1]+has[i];
}
  
  vector<int> dis;
 
  set<int>:: iterator it;
  
  for(it=s.begin();it!=s.end();it++)
  {
  
  dis.push_back(*it);
  }
 
int siz=dis.size();
 
unsigned long long int  ans=0;
  for(int i=0;i<siz;i++)
   {
    for(int j=0;j<siz;j++ )
     {
      int len1=dis[i];
      int len2=dis[j];
      int val=len1+len2;
   
      ans+=(has[10010]-has[val])*ma[len1]*ma[len2];
 }
   
}
 double ff=(double) ans;
 
 ff=ff/(double)((n*(n-1))/2);
 ff=ff/(double)((n*(n-1))/2);
 ff=ff/(double)((n*(n-1))/2);
 printf("%.12lf",ff);
 }

Monday, 1 February 2016

*(number of integeral points on a linear line )


   Problem Statement  

 Problem Statement for DreamingAboutCarrots

Problem Statement

    
John works at a company called "FIELD-Tech", and today, he was so tired after work that he fell asleep as soon as he got home. Unfortunately, even in his sleep, he was unable to forget about his work. In one dream, he was asked to help a carrot producing company deal with the following question: how many carrots grow on a line segment connecting two given carrots? The endpoints of the segment (i.e., the two given carrots) should not be included. It's a rather strange question, and to make it even stranger, the company's representatives (guys who have carrots instead of heads) said that all the carrots grow on an infinite plane, and there is exactly one carrot at each point with integer coordinates. You must help tired John deal with this problem.
The coordinates of the two carrots are (x1y1) and (x2y2). Return the number of carrots that lie strictly on the line segment connecting these carrots.
 

Definition

    
Class:DreamingAboutCarrots
Method:carrotsBetweenCarrots
Parameters:int, int, int, int
Returns:int
Method signature:int carrotsBetweenCarrots(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
(be sure your method is public)
    
 

Constraints

-x1y1x2, and y2 will each be between 0 and 50, inclusive.
-(x1y1) and (x2y2) will represent different points.
 

Examples

0)
    
1
1
5
5
Returns: 3
There are three points inside of the segment: (2,2), (3,3) and (4,4).
1)
    
0
0
1
1
Returns: 0
2)
    
50
48
0
0
Returns: 1
3)
    
0
0
42
36
Returns: 5

This problem statement is the exclusive and proprietary property of TopCoder, Inc. Any unauthorized use or reproduction of this information without the prior written consent of TopCoder, Inc. is strictly prohibited. (c)2010, TopCoder, Inc. All rights reserved.
This problem was used for: 
       Single Round Match 401 Round 1 - Division II, Level One

-------------------------------------------editorial------------------------------------------------------------------

It is simply GCD(x1x2,y2y1) . I can explain if anyone wants to, just because this post is so old , I dont think anyone will bother to see it
EDIT: Let the equation of line be :
yy1xx1 = y2y1x2x1
Now just switching the positions of these expressions we get:
yy1y2y1 = xx1x2x1
Now , y - y1 should be equal to k * y2y1GCD(y2y1,x2x1) .
Why ? x should be integer! if we write x in terms of everything else We will see
yy1y2y1 should be Integer.
Now I say that k1=0 Gives me y1 , to find the final kn , I put y= y2 into this equation (x2,y2 is the last integral point) .
That gives me kn=GCD(y2y1,x2x1) . Now , every k between 0 and this kn are integral points!
If you include the initial point too ans is GCD(y2y1,x2x1) +1 .
If you exclude initial and final points ans is GCD(y2y1,x2x1) -1.